Early cancer detection
Cancer screening includes a range of medical examinations and tests that aim to detect cancer at a very early stage or to reduce the risk of it developing. Early detection is crucial, because the chances of successful treatment are usually higher when the disease is found early.
Screening examinations covered by statutory health insurance:
For women aged 20 to 34
What is examined?
- Targeted medical history (e.g. questions about bleeding disorders)
- Gynaecological palpation
- Examination of the genital skin area
Special tests
- Pap smear for cytological examination of the cervix
Further steps if findings are abnormal
- Cytological examination
- HPV test
- Colposcopy (examination of the cervix)
Counselling
- Detailed discussion of the results
For women aged 35 and over
What is examined?
- Targeted medical history (e.g. questions about bleeding disorders)
- Gynaecological palpation
- Examination of the genital skin area
Special tests
- Combined cytological smear and HPV test (every three years)
Further steps if findings are abnormal
- Co-testing (cytological smear plus HPV test)
- Colposcopy (examination of the cervix)
Counselling
- Detailed discussion of the results
Breast examination from age 30
What is examined?
- Targeted medical history (e.g. questions about changes or complaints)
- Inspection and palpation of the breasts and regional lymph nodes
Counselling
- Guidance on self-examination
- Detailed discussion of the results
Mammography screening
- Women aged 50 to 69
- Written invitation and information every two years
Colon and rectal examination
What is examined?
- Test for hidden blood in the stool
- Aged 50 to 54: every year
- From age 55: every two years
- Screening colonoscopy from age 55
Counselling
- One-time comprehensive counselling on colorectal cancer screening options from age 50